{"id":10564,"date":"2023-03-10T13:17:58","date_gmt":"2023-03-10T13:17:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=10564"},"modified":"2023-04-27T13:26:35","modified_gmt":"2023-04-27T13:26:35","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a4%d8%b3%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=10564&lang=ar","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0623\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u061f"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21 \u0641\u064a \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2021 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0637\u0651\u0650\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0628<\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0623\u0641\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u062a 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srcset=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture1.png 833w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture1-640x312.png 640w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture1-768x374.png 768w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture1-320x156.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 833px) 100vw, 833px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0629 \u0645\u0639 &#8220;\u062a\u0636\u062e\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a&#8221; \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 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size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"943\" height=\"295\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture2.png 943w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture2-640x200.png 640w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture2-768x240.png 768w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture2-320x100.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0654\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2021\u060c \u0635 15.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632 4,9 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 7,5 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 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srcset=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture3.png 943w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture3-640x152.png 640w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture3-768x182.png 768w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Picture3-320x76.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 943px) 100vw, 943px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><em>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0628 \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u064a\u060c 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name=\"_ftnref35\">[35]<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 2004 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 70 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0635 (\u0650Airbus)\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633 (RATP)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 (EDF)<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnref36\">[36]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 82.20\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0641\u064a 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2022\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0635 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\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0654\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0637 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0647\u0627<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\">[37]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 (Contrats de performance) \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0647\u0632\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u063a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\">[38]<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 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\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0646\u0636\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0630\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0622\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0643\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062b\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u062a\u0646\u0641 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u062a\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644&#8221;\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u063a\u0645&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0636\u0648\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0639 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u062c\u0630\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0643\u0643\u0644\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0636\u062a &#8220;\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641&#8221; \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0630 \u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0634 \u0648\u0628\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u062f\u064a.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Lekhal Mostafa &amp; Khaji Yassine, La r\u00e9forme de la gouvernance des entreprises publiques au Maroc : vers la centralisation de la fonction d\u2019actionnaire de l\u2019\u00c9tat, Revue Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019\u00c9conomie et de Gestion, v 2, n\u00a010, 2021, p.109-110.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.21.89 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1442 (26 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021) \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 7007\u060c \u0635 5687.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 82.20 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0654\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.21.96 \u0641\u064a 15 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1442 (26 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 7007\u060c \u0635 5697.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> Lalj Abdelkrim &amp; Lotfi Mohamed, Internal audit and governance of the Moroccan public firms and establishments, moroccan journal of business studies, Vol 3 N\u00b02, 2022, p.12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> Ga\u00ebl Raballand &amp; Al, Governance Reforms of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) Lessons from four case studies (Egypt, Iraq, Morocco and Tunisia), Worldbank, 2015, p.27.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u060c \u0635 3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2022\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Le secteur des \u00e9tablissements et entreprises publics au Maroc : Ancrage strat\u00e9gique et gouvernance, cour des comptes, Juin 2016, p.45.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 440.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Ouchni Amina, La performance Socio-\u00e9conomique de L\u2019Entreprise Publique Marocaine face \u00e0 la confusion des r\u00f4les de l\u2019\u00c9tat actionnaire, International Journal of Financial Accountability, Economics, Management, and Auditing, V4, No.1, 2022, p.40.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0654\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2023\u060c \u0635 21.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0654\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2020\u060c \u0635 9.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Sylla Adama, \u00c9tablissements publics. Voici les 5 meilleurs contributeurs au budget de l\u2019\u00c9tat en 2023, challenge.ma, 23 Octobre 2022. Consult\u00e9 le 05\/01\/2023. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> Lekhal Mostafa &amp; Khaji Yassine, La r\u00e9forme de la gouvernance des entreprises publiques au Maroc : vers la centralisation de la fonction d\u2019actionnaire de l\u2019\u00c9tat, Revue Fran\u00e7aise d\u2019\u00c9conomie et de Gestion, v 2, n\u00a010, 2021, p.109-110.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Maroc\u00a0: consultations de 2021 au titre de l\u2019article IV, Rapport N\u00b0 22\/36, FMI, f\u00e9vrier 2022, p.12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> El Bekkaye Mhamdi, Les enjeux de gouvernance de l\u2019\u00c9tat actionnaire \u00e0 l\u2019aune du Nouveau Mod\u00e8le de D\u00e9veloppement, Dossiers de Recherches en \u00c9conomie et Gestion : Dossier 10, N\u00b0 1, 2022, p.48.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2015\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 416.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 43.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Benerrami Ibtissam, Entreprises et \u00e9tablissements publics :Quelle contribution pour le d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9gional et la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 territoriale au Maroc ? Dossiers de Recherches en \u00c9conomie et Gestion, Dossier N\u00b0 7, 2019, p.105.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> Les voies de d\u00e9veloppement\u00a0: Examen multidimensionnel du Maroc, volume 2, analyse approfondie et recommandations, OCDE, 2018, p.203.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 21 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 29 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2020\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/is.gd\/Yu0Ag2\">https:\/\/is.gd\/Yu0Ag2<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 9 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2020\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/is.gd\/hZFMtG\">https:\/\/is.gd\/hZFMtG<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021\u060c \u0635 74.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 03.22 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.22.76 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1444 (9\u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 7151- 17 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 1444 (12 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 2022)\u060c \u0635 7894.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 09.21 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.21.30 \u0641\u064a 9 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1442 (23 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2011)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6975- 22 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0646 1442 (5 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021)\u060c \u0635 2178.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0642\u0645 19-54 \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u062b\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 58-21-1 \u0641\u064a 3 \u0630\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1442 (14 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 7006- 11 \u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0629 1442 (22 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2021)\u060c \u0635 5661.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> Badrane Mohamed, R\u00e9forme des \u00e9tablissements publics : 2022 l\u2019ann\u00e9e de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9, <em>aujourdhui.ma<\/em>, 22 octobre, 2021. Consult\u00e9 le 15\/01\/2023. <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2021\u060c \u0635 55.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646- \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 5.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Hafidi Mohamed Amine, Entreprises publiques : O\u00f9 en est le projet de restructuration ? Lavieeco.com, 7 Novembre 2022. Consult\u00e9 le 22\/11\/2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> Naoumi Sa\u00efd, Entreprises publiques : la r\u00e9forme se poursuit sur fond de gros investissements en 2023, Lematin.ma, 23 Octobre 2022. Consult\u00e9 le 11\/12\/2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> Seddik Youssef, Secteur public : une vague de restructurations attendue en 2022, <em>fnh.ma<\/em>, 27 Octobre 2021. Consult\u00e9 le 17\/10\/2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> Chibani Abdelaaziz &amp; Khariss Mohammed, Restructuration du secteur public et son impact sur la performance des \u00e9tablissements et entreprises publics au Maroc, Revue Internationale des Sciences de Gestion, Volume 4 : Num\u00e9ro 4, 2021, p.151.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> Agence des participations de l\u2019E\u0301tat, rapport financier 2021-2022, minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00c9conomie, des Finances et de la Souverainet\u00e9\u0301 industrielle et num\u00e9rique, Septembre 2022, p.11.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Jean-Paul Valette, Droit public \u00e9conomique, 3eme \u00e9dition, Hachette, Paris, 2015, p.71.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c 13 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0632 2021\u060c \u0635 6\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> Le secteur des \u00e9tablissements et entreprises publiques au Maroc : Ancrage strat\u00e9gique et gouvernance, la cour des comptes, Juin 2016, p.91.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> Rguibi Khalid &amp; Dridat Maha, La contractualisation entre l\u2019\u00c9tat et les \u00c9tablissements et Entreprises Publics : avantages et perspectives \u00bb, Revue du contr\u00f4le, de la comptabilit\u00e9 et de l\u2019audit, V 5, n 1, 2021, p.134- 135.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> Gharbaoui Hayat, R\u00e9forme des EEP : Voici le d\u00e9tail du projet de la loi-cadre, medias24, 29 juin 2021. Consult\u00e9 le 13\/12\/2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> Oudoud Lahcen, Entreprises publiques : les liquidations tra\u00eenent et co\u00fbtent cher, <em>lematin.ma<\/em>, 13 octobre 2022. Consult\u00e9 le 19\/12\/2022<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> Berraoui Jamal, le grand chambardement, Challenge, N\u00b0 777, F\u00e9vrier 2021, p.47.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0646\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2022\u060c \u0635 54.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> Ouashil Mbark, Contr\u00f4le des \u00c9tablissements Publics marocains : \u00c9tat des lieux et perspectives, Public &amp; Nonprofit Management Review Vol 2, N\u00b01, 2017, p.12.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> Zidane Moukite, Management et Gouvernance dans le secteur des entreprises publiques marocaines, Revue Internationale du Chercheur, Vol 3, N\u00b0 3, 2022, p.932.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0622\u064a\u062a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0648\u060c \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646-\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0642\u0645 50.21 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0637\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2021\u060c \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3i6GP9U\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3i6GP9U<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/AE950FAE-1993-4AD1-A19D-8F08A8BD160A#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a>\u062c\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0641\u0642 2040: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u0646\u0637\u0646\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 36.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u064f\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0632\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u064f\u0635\u0627\u062d\u064e\u0628 \u0628\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 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\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":10566,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[198,87],"tags":[1843,1841,1839],"coauthors":[1727],"class_list":["post-10564","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-198","category---ar","tag-1843","tag-1841","tag-1839"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=10564"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10607,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10564\/revisions\/10607"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/10566"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=10564"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=10564"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=10564"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcoauthors&post=10564"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}