{"id":12515,"date":"2025-07-23T01:53:17","date_gmt":"2025-07-23T00:53:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=12515"},"modified":"2025-07-23T13:04:13","modified_gmt":"2025-07-23T12:04:13","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d8%b7%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b9-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b6%d9%91%d8%ba%d8%b7-%d9%85%d9%8f%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%af%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%91%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=12515&lang=ar","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0651\u063a\u0637: \u0645\u064f\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0651\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u0639\u0628"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #666699;\"><em>\u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 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name=\"_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2022 \u06482024\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0643\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a&#8221;. \u0641\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2022\u060c \u0639\u0628\u0651\u0631 67% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0645 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#808080;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>1 \u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0644\u0639\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a7 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B9-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\">https:\/\/www.alaraby.co.uk\/politics<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>2\u0640\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0651\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0641\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a 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\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u0651\u064a\u0642\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0632\u0629: \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 15 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2023\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0651\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a. \u062a\u0645\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 28 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2025: <a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=10762&amp;lang=ar\">https:\/\/mipa.institute<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>4\u0640 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10\u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2020 \u0628\u0623\u0646 &#8220;\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0633 \u0628\u0623\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0625\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0648\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637&#8221;. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: <a href=\"https:\/\/shorturl.at\/E19Ac\">https:\/\/shorturl.at\/E19Ac<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>5\u0640 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>6\u0640 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u060c\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621 22 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u06312020 : <a href=\"https:\/\/shorturl.at\/sKsRs\">https:\/\/shorturl.at\/sKsRs<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>7\u0640 \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a. \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d&#8221; (\u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2023) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0639\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0642\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>Education in the Service of Tolerance: The Moroccan Curriculum 2013\u20132022, Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education (IMPACT-se), 2023, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.impact-se.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Education-in-the-Service-of-Tolerance-The-Moroccan-Curriculum-2013-2022-IMPACT-se-Report.pdf\">https:\/\/www.impact-se.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/Education-in-the-Service-of-Tolerance-The-Moroccan-Curriculum-2013-2022-IMPACT-se-Report.pdf<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>8\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639: \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u063a\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u064b\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b &#8220;\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0642&#8221; \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637&#8221;\u060c BBC NEWS \u00a0\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c24 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u06312021:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-59401649\">https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/arabic\/middleeast-59401649<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>9\u0640 &#8220;\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0629.. \u062c\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c DW \u00a0\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 6 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2023:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83%D9%88%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8\/a-65835531\">https:\/\/www.dw.com\/ar\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>10 \u0640 Alexandre Kateb: \u201cThe Abraham Accords After Gaza: A Change of Context,\u201d Carnegie Endowment, April 25, 2025: <a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2025\/04\/the-abraham-accords-after-gaza-a-change-of-context?lang=en\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/research\/2025\/04\/the-abraham-accords-after-gaza-a-change-of-context?lang=en<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>11 \u0640 \u201cIsrael Approves 2023 Maritime Trade Cooperation Agreement with Morocco,\u201d Big News Network, 11 February 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bignewsnetwork.com\/news\/278211114\/israel-approves-2023-maritime-trade-cooperation-agreement-with-morocco\">https:\/\/www.bignewsnetwork.com\/news\/278211114\/israel-approves-2023-maritime-trade-cooperation-agreement-with-morocco<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>12 \u0640 Isra\u00ebl participe \u00e0 un exercice militaire d&#8217;envergure au Maroc aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de pays arabe, 13 May 2025<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.i24news.tv\/fr\/actu\/israel\/diplomatie-defense\/artc-israel-participe-a-un-exercice-militaire-d-envergure-au-maroc-aux-cotes-de-pays-arabes#google_vignette\">https:\/\/www.i24news.tv\/fr\/actu\/israel\/diplomatie-defense\/artc-israel-participe-a-un-exercice-militaire-d-envergure-au-maroc-aux-cotes-de-pays-arabes#google_vignette<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>13 \u0640 Zain Hussain and Alaa Tartir, Recent Trends in International Arms Transfers in the Middle East and North Africa, April 10, 2025 (Stockholm: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sipri.org\/commentary\/topical-backgrounder\/2025\/recent-trends-international-arms-transfers-middle-east-and-north-africa\">www.sipri.org<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>14 \u0640 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>15 \u0640 \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0644 \u0632\u064a\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0646 (Daniel\u00a0 Zisenwine) \u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Joshua Krasna, ed., \u201cThe Struggle for Stability: Arab Reactions to the Hamas-Israel War,\u201d Moshe Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, May 15, 2024<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/dayan.org\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/kas-mdc-the-struggle-for-stability-reactions-to-the-hamas-israel-war_0.pdf\">https:\/\/dayan.org\/sites\/default\/files\/inline-files\/kas-mdc-the-struggle-for-stability-reactions-to-the-hamas-israel-war_0.pdf<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>16\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0633\u0631&#8221;\u060c TRT \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 14 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2020:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/trt.global\/arabi\/article\/3839697\">https:\/\/trt.global\/arabi\/article\/3839697<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>17\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a 2022&#8243;\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2022<a href=\"https:\/\/arabindex.dohainstitute.org\/AR\/Pages\/Arab-Opinion-Index-2022.aspx\">https:\/\/arabindex.dohainstitute.org\/AR\/Pages\/Arab-Opinion-Index-2022.aspx<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>18\u0640 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0631 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024: <a href=\"https:\/\/arabindex.dohainstitute.org\/AR\/Pages\/APOIsWarOnGaza.aspx\">https:\/\/arabindex.dohainstitute.org\/AR\/Pages\/APOIsWarOnGaza.aspx<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>19\u0640 \u0645\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642: Joshua Krasna, ed., \u201cThe Struggle for Stability: Arab Reactions to the Hamas-Israel War\u201d<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>20\u0640 \u064a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0645\u0648\u0634\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0651\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0651\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651 &#8220;\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u062e\u0637\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0636\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>Moshe Dayan Center, &#8220;Morocco\u2019s Normalization with Israel: The Justice and Development Party\u2019s Reaction,&#8221; May 05, 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/dayan.org\/content\/moroccos-normalization-israel-party-justice-and-development-pjds-reaction\">https:\/\/dayan.org\/content\/moroccos-normalization-israel-party-justice-and-development-pjds-reaction<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>21 \u0640 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0632\u0628 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629&#8221; \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0641\u064a 2013 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644. \u0623\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0645\u0647 \u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/arabic\/2007\/9\/6\/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%86%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><u>\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/u><\/a>&#8220;\u060c \u0648&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u062a 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\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645&#8221;. \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/www.chambredesrepresentants.ma\/sites\/default\/files\/loi\/lect_194.pdf\">https:\/\/www.chambredesrepresentants.ma\/sites\/default\/files\/loi\/lect_194.pdf<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>22 \u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 .. \u0645\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u063a\u0632\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062d\u062f \u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a 1 \u062a\u064a\u0641\u064a\u060c 7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2025: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=uVQdZjS2drs&amp;pp=ygVP2KrYuti32YrYqSDZhdmK2K_ZiiAxINin2YTZhdi62LHYqNmK2Kkg2YTZhdiz2YrYsdipINin2YTYsdio2KfYtyDYp9mE2LTYudio2YrYqQ%3D%3D\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>23\u0640 &#8220;\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.. \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u201c\u0625\u0633\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639&#8221;\u060c The Voice\u060c 4 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/thevoice.ma\/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D8%AE%D8%B1%D9%89-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%AA%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B6%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%82%D8%A7\/\">https:\/\/thevoice.ma<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>24\u0640 &#8220;\u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0633\u062c\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0641\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0646\u0643\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u062a\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u0643\u064f\u0645\u060c 8 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/lakome2.com\/liberte\/340260\/\">lakome2.com<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>25\u0640 &#8220;\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 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\u0644\u0647\u0627&#8221;\u060c France 24 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c 26 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631 2024\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/shorturl.at\/Hqm6Z\">https:\/\/shorturl.at\/Hqm6Z<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b: Middle East Eye, &#8220;Morocco pro-Palestine activists denounce increased state repression,&#8221; Middle East Eye, [April 28, 2025], <a href=\"https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/morocco-pro-palestine-activists-denounce-increased-state-repression\">https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/news\/morocco-pro-palestine-activists-denounce-increased-state-repression<\/a>.<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>27\u0640 \u062a\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>Dana El Kurd, \u201cThe Paradox of Peace: The Impact of Normalization with Israel on the Arab World,\u201d Global Studies Quarterly 3, no. 3 (July 2023), pp.16-18\u00a0 .<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>28\u0640 &#8220;\u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0635\u0627\u0635 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064f\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u060c22 \u0645\u0627\u064a 2025: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.alquds.co.uk\/%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6-%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%89-%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8\/\">https:\/\/www.alquds.co.uk\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>29\u0640 Transformations in European Attitudes toward the Genocidal War on Gaza, Arab Center Washington DC (The Unit for Political Studies), June 4, 2025\u00a0<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small><a href=\"https:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/resource\/transformations-in-european-attitudes-toward-the-genocidal-war-on-gaza\/\">https:\/\/arabcenterdc.org\/resource\/transformations-in-european-attitudes-toward-the-genocidal-war-on-gaza\/<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>30\u0640 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u062a 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\u0643\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u063a\u0644. \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0629 &#8220;\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u063a\u0632\u0629&#8221; \u062c\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0651\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0627 \u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0622\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0643. \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0631\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:Fran\u00e7ois Soudan: \u201cLe roi, les islamistes et le Sahara\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/auteurs\/jeune-afrique\/\"><u>Jeune Afrique<\/u><\/a>, le 4 juillet 2006, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jeuneafrique.com\/131580\/politique\/le-roi-les-islamistes-et-le-sahara\/\">www.jeuneafrique.com<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>33\u0640 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 oppositional politics \u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631: Dana El Kurd, \u201cArab\u2013Israeli Normalization, Repression, and Impunity,\u201d <em>Current History<\/em>, Volume 123, Issue 857, December 2024<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>34 \u0640 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0651\u062f\u062f \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0630\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0645\u0639\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u064f\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0643\u062f\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0651\u0647 &#8220;\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0648\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0633\u0637\u064a\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0647&#8221;. \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0631:<\/small><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><small>&#8220;\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0632&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u060c 18 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 2010\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2010\/10\/18\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%BA%D8%B1%D8%A8-%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%B6-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B2\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.net\/news\/2010\/10\/18<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a 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