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<\/p>\n
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<\/p>\n
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\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0635\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062c\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u0646\u0635\u062d \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0633\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0636\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629[28]<\/a>. \u0648\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0631\u062c \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0648\u062d\u0629 (OGP)[29]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u062f\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627.<\/p>\n
\u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a. \u0648\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0631\u0641\u0636\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0639 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0651\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0627.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/h5>\n
[1]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 111-14 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0645) \u060c \u0639\u062f\u062f 112-14 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a) \u0648 113-14 (\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a).<\/small><\/p>\n
[2]<\/a> Abldelali El Hourri, \u201cP\u00e9titions nationales : 5 saisines en deux ans, toutes irrecevables\u201d, Medias24<\/em>, 30\/9\/2019. https:\/\/www.medias24.com\/petitions-nationales-5-saisines-en-deux-ans-toutes-irrecevables-4638.html<\/a> (accessed on 25\/11\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n
[3]<\/a> \u00a0Cfr. Conseil Economique Social et Environmental. (2019). Rapport annuel 2018. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ces.ma\/Documents\/PDF\/Rapports annuels\/2018\/RA-VF-18.pdf<\/a> (accessed 24\/11\/2019). However, this assessment is undermined by the fact that the 20th<\/sup> February Movement has been critical of the process and the result of the constitutional reform of 2011, to an extent to which it called the boycott of its referendum vote. For more details please refer to Desrues, T. (2012). Le Mouvement du 20 f\u00e9vrier et le r\u00e9gime marocain\u202f: contestation, r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle et \u00e9lections. L\u2019Ann\u00e9e Du Maghreb, (VIII), 359\u2013389.<\/small><\/p>\n
[4]<\/a> Zair, T. (2012). Citoyennet\u00e9 et d\u00e9mocratie participative au Maroc, les conditions de la construction d\u2019un mod\u00e8le. In Processus constitutionnels et processus d\u00e9mocratiques : les exp\u00e9riences et les perspectives.<\/small><\/p>\n
[5]<\/a> \u00a0Touhtou, R. (2014). Civil Society in Morocco under the New 2011 Constitution: Issues, Stakes and Challenges. Arab Center for Research & Policy Studies<\/em>. Retrieved from www.jstor.org\/stable\/resrep12647<\/a>. (accessed on 26\/11\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n
[6]<\/a> Full text of the Constitution of Morocco of 2011 (in French) available at http:\/\/www.sgg.gov.ma\/Portals\/0\/constitution\/constitution_2011_Fr.pdf<\/a> (accessed on 26\/11\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n
[7]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 44-14 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629) \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0641\u064a\u00a0 http:\/\/www.sgg.gov.ma\/Portals\/0\/lois\/Loiorgnique_44-14_Fr.pdf?ver=2017-02-08-171743-837<\/a> \u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f 26\/11\/2019<\/small><\/p>\n
[8]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646. (2016). \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n
[9]<\/a> \u00a0For instance, see Ristel Tchounand, \u201cLoi sur les p\u00e9titions : Le seuil des 5 000 signatures n’est pas r\u00e9aliste selon Ahmed El Haij\u201d, Yabiladi<\/em>, 27\/07\/2016. https:\/\/www.yabiladi.com\/articles\/details\/46055\/petitions-seuil-<\/a>\u201d (accessed on 26\/11\/2019); Redaction Le Matin, \u201cL\u2019OMDH plaide pour l\u2019all\u00e9gement des modalit\u00e9s d\u2019exercice du droit de pr\u00e9senter des p\u00e9titions\u201d, Le <\/em>Matin, 07\/01\/2016. https:\/\/lematin.ma\/journal\/2016\/l-omdh-plaide-pour-l-allegement-des-modalites-d-exercice-du-droit-de-presenter-des-petitions\/239022.html<\/a> (accessed on 26\/11\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n
[10]<\/a> \u00a0Reda Zaireg, \u201cMarocains, vous pouvez d\u00e9sormais adresser des p\u00e9titions et des motions aux pouvoirs publics\u201d,\u00a0Huff Post Maghreb<\/em>, 21\/08\/2016.\u00a0https:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/entry\/petitions-motions-maroc_mg_11637600<\/a>\u00a0(accessed on 24\/11\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n
[11]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 44-14<\/small><\/p>\n
[12]<\/a> \u00a0\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632\u062a \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2017 \u060c \u0648\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0646\u0635\u0641.<\/small><\/p>\n
[13]<\/a> \u00a0\u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636\u060c \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 (\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629)https:\/\/www.eparticipation.ma\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/PetitionNationale\/guide\/Petitions_nationales_Guide_Ar.pdf<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n
[14]<\/a>\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644. 2 \u0648 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 44-14 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 “\u0627\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629”. \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/small><\/p>\n
[15]<\/a> \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a http:\/\/www.elections.ma\/elections\/legislatives\/resultats.aspx<\/small><\/p>\n
[16]<\/a> \u00a0\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a https:\/\/www.listeselectorales.ma\/fr\/statistiques.aspx<\/small><\/p>\n
[17]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 4 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 44-14.<\/small><\/p>\n
[18]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 3 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 44-14<\/small><\/p>\n
[19]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 2 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 44-14 \u064a\u0646\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a (\u0646\u064f\u0634\u0631 \u0641\u064a 11 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 2017)\u060c \u0648\u0636\u0639\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637\u064b\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0636\u062d \u0645\u0639 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/small><\/p>\n
[20]<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u064a “\u0623\u0645\u0646\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629” \u0641\u064a MIPA Institute<\/em>, 20\/9\/2019, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7003<\/a> (accessed on 26\/11\/2019); \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u201cSous le charbon de Jerada, les braises d\u2019un nouveau Hirak<\/em>\u201d, Middle East Eye<\/em>, 29\/01\/2019. https:\/\/www.middleeasteye.net\/fr\/reportages\/sous-le-charbon-de-jerada-les-braises-dun-nouveau-hirak<\/a> (accessed 26\/11\/2019).<\/small><\/p>\n
[21]<\/a> Cfr. the focus on the boycott Conseil Economique Social et Environmental. (2019). Rapport annuel 2018. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ces.ma\/Documents\/PDF\/Rapports annuels\/2018\/RA-VF-18.pdf<\/a> (accessed 25\/11\/2019).<\/small><\/p>\n
[22]<\/a> See for instance Yasimine Bidar, \u201cGr\u00e2ce royale pour Hajar Raissouni, son fianc\u00e9 et l’\u00e9quipe m\u00e9dicale<\/em>\u201d, HuffPost Maghreb, 16\/10\/2019. https:\/\/www.huffpostmaghreb.com\/entry\/grace-royale-pour-hajar-raissouni-son-fiance-et-lequipe-medicale_mg_5da742ece4b062bdcb1c9fcc<\/a> (accessed 26\/11\/2019) and Mohamed Masbah, \u201cIs Raissouni\u2019s Pardon Simply Playing Politics in Morocco?\u201d, MIPA Institute<\/em>, 4\/11\/2019. https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7051<\/a> (accessed 26\/11\/2019).<\/small><\/p>\n
[23]<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 Neveu, C. (2011). D\u00e9mocratie participative et mouvements sociaux : entre domestication et ensauvagement ? Participations, 1(1), 186.<\/small><\/p>\n
[24]<\/a> \u062d\u064f\u062f\u0651\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0646 8 \u064815 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f 44-14. \u0628\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 15 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0633\u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627. \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0631\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 30 \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0625\u0628\u0644\u0627\u063a \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0626\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u062f\u0645\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647.<\/small><\/p>\n
[25]<\/a> \u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0637\u0648” \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a https:\/\/al3omk.com\/316013.html<\/a> \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 26 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2019<\/small><\/p>\n
[26]<\/a> Available at https:\/\/www.eparticipation.ma\/espace\/detail_petition\/215<\/small><\/p>\n
[27]<\/a> See for instance Ayoub Na\u00efm, \u201cLois organiques : obstacles \u00e0 la pelle pour les p\u00e9titions\u201d, LesEco.ma<\/em>, 24\/08\/2016. https:\/\/www.leseco.ma\/maroc\/49099-lois-organiques-obstacles-a-la-pelle-pour-les-petitions.html<\/a> (accessed 26\/11\/2019).<\/small><\/p>\n