{"id":7602,"date":"2020-03-29T19:09:59","date_gmt":"2020-03-29T19:09:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=7602"},"modified":"2022-08-31T17:54:26","modified_gmt":"2022-08-31T17:54:26","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ba%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d9%83%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%86%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%b3%d8%aa-%d9%83","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=7602&lang=ar","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 &#8211; \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633: \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<h4 style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><b><span dir=\"RTL\" lang=\"AR-SA\">\u0639\u0637\u0644\u062a 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srcset=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-1.png 1000w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-1-640x275.png 640w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-1-768x330.png 768w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-1-320x138.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0644\u0639\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0627 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href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 40% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 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href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u063a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0646\u064b\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u0627\u0643\u0644 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\u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633.<a name=\"_ftnref22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0632\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 &#8220;\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0636\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a \u0644\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0646\u064a \u0623\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639. \u0646\u062d\u0646 \u0646\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0646\u0627 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;<a name=\"_ftnref23\"><\/a>.<a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0639\u0631\u0628\u062a \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 (MAN) \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0637\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062e\u0648\u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 &#8220;\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a&#8221; \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0636\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 (EPA) \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062e\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639.<a name=\"_ftnref24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0629 \u0648 \u0633\u064a\u0642\u0644\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0632\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (AMU)<a name=\"_ftnref26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (AMU) \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u062b\u0642 \u0623\u0648 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628. \u0641\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0645\u0648\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u064a\u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a (AMU) \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0624\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0646\u062c\u0627\u062d 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\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u064a&#8221; \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p>\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646: \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648- \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a. \u0644\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0641\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0631\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0634\u0644 \u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u064a\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648\u060c \u062a\u0628\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.<a name=\"_ftnref28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1999 \u0647\u064a \u0625\u0635\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0625\u0639\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 50 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1000 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629.<a name=\"_ftnref29\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2003 \u06482017 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628 37 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0623\u063a\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 (60%) \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<a name=\"_ftnref30\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629. .\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 57% \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0642 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u064a 2000 \u06482017 \u0633\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648 8 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633. \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (2000 \u2013 2017)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7327 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-2.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1000\" height=\"247\" srcset=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-2.png 1000w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-2-640x158.png 640w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-2-768x190.png 768w, https:\/\/mipa.institute\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Fig-2-320x79.png 320w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631: \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 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#808080;\"><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn1\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[1]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u062c\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 42 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.maroc.ma\/fr\/discours-royaux\/sm-le-roi-adresse-un-message-au-42%C3%A8me-sommet-ordinaire-de-la-cedeao-0\">http:\/\/www.maroc.ma\/fr\/discours-royaux\/sm-le-roi-adresse-un-message-au-42%C3%A8me-sommet-ordinaire-de-la-cedeao-0<\/a>\u00a0(accessed\u00a015-10-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633&#8221;\u060c\u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629\u060c 28 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u06312019\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/75926\">https:\/\/carnegieendowment.org\/sada\/75926<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 20-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>3]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 \u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0648\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0631\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/president-jean-claude-kassi-brou-presents-commissions-strategic-plan-community-report-to-ecowas-parliament\/\">https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/president-jean-claude-kassi-brou-presents-commissions-strategic-plan-community-report-to-ecowas-parliament\/<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 25-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Final-Communique-English.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Final-Communique-English.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 25-12-2019<u>)<\/u><\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>5]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 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(\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) \u0635 18\u060c <a href=\"http:\/\/www.internationaldemocracywatch.org\/attachments\/351_ecowas%20treaty%20of%201975.pdf\">http:\/\/www.internationaldemocracywatch.org\/attachments\/351_ecowas%20treaty%20of%201975.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 20-10-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small>\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u063a\u0627\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2000 \u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u00a02004\u060c \u00a0\u0635 \u00a025<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>7]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0643\u064a\u064a \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0631\u060c\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u064a\u0646\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631\u060c \u00a02004\u060c \u00a0\u0635 55<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>8]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 701 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a 13 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629&#8221; PUNCH\u060c \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 6 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2018. (\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 10\/02\/2020)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u064a \u0628\u0627\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629\u060c 616<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 ZLEC \u0645\u0624\u062e\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0639\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 14 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8 \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u061b \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062c \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u0633\u0648 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u0631 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u063a\u0648 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0646.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn12\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[12]<\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f\u060c 55 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0640\u0640 \u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0650\u0628\u064e\u0644 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[13]<\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0639\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633&#8221;Wathi Think Tank,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wathi.org\/laboratoire\/tribune\/retour-djihadistes-de-daesch-risque-securitaire-de-ladhesion-maroc-de-tunisie-a-cedeao\/\">https:\/\/www.wathi.org\/laboratoire\/tribune\/retour-djihadistes-de-daesch-risque-securitaire-de-ladhesion-maroc-de-tunisie-a-cedeao\/<\/a>(accessed 21-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn14\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>14]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) (\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 1993)<a href=\"https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~ggoertz\/rei\/rei260\/rei260.23tt1.pdf\">https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~ggoertz\/rei\/rei260\/rei260.23tt1.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 27-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn15\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>15]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062fA\/SP1\/12\/01),\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Issues\/RuleOfLaw\/CompilationDemocracy\/Pages\/ECOWASProtocol.aspx\">https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/EN\/Issues\/RuleOfLaw\/CompilationDemocracy\/Pages\/ECOWASProtocol.aspx<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 27-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn16\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>16]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0648\u0633&#8221;\u060c \u0623\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0634 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0632<a href=\"https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/africa-in-focus\/2019\/09\/24\/an-evaluation-of-the-single-currency-agenda-in-the-ecowas-region\/\">https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/blog\/africa-in-focus\/2019\/09\/24\/an-evaluation-of-the-single-currency-agenda-in-the-ecowas-region\/<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 03-01-2020)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>17]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u201c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) \u0635:33<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Final-Communique-English.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ecowas.int\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/01\/Revised-treaty.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 12-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>18]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0,\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635 6<a href=\"https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/tpr_e\/s362-00_sum_e.pdf\">https:\/\/www.wto.org\/english\/tratop_e\/tpr_e\/s362-00_sum_e.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 3-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>19]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f\u064a \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0635\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u060c \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\/ \u0646\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646 2015\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/asean.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/IMF002\/22496-9781475567595\/22496-9781475567595\/22496-9781475567595_A006.xml?redirect=true\">https:\/\/asean.elibrary.imf.org\/view\/IMF002\/22496-9781475567595\/22496-9781475567595\/22496-9781475567595_A006.xml?redirect=true<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 19-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn20\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>20]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0642\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) (\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0648 1993) \u0635:5<a href=\"https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~ggoertz\/rei\/rei260\/rei260.23tt1.pdf\">https:\/\/www3.nd.edu\/~ggoertz\/rei\/rei260\/rei260.23tt1.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 18-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn21\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>21]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0623\u0646\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0628\u060c \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u060c 30 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\/ \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 2019<a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/6872\">https:\/\/mipa.institute\/6872<\/a>\u00a0(\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a 12\/10\/2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn22\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[22]<\/a>\u00a0\u201c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u063a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u00a0\u00bb, QUID, 31 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u06442019,\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/le-secteur-prive-senegalais-s%E2%80%99oppose-a-l%E2%80%99integration-du-maroc-a-la-cedeao\">http:\/\/quid.ma\/politique\/le-secteur-prive-senegalais-s%E2%80%99oppose-a-l%E2%80%99integration-du-maroc-a-la-cedeao<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 6-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn23\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[23]<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0643\u0631\u0631.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn24\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[24]<\/a>\u00a0\u201c&#8221;\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0623\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c 17 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NTBH4jcC0dU&amp;t=9s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=NTBH4jcC0dU&amp;t=9s<\/a>\u00a0&amp; \u201cMinister, Reps, \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c 9 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631\/ \u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a2017,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=81wAlTc5zao\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=81wAlTc5zao<\/a>\u00a0&amp; TVC Breakfast \u00a027 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2017| Morocco\u2019s ECOWAS Membership\u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_yMhSk4l0wM&amp;t=313s\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=_yMhSk4l0wM&amp;t=313s<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 9-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn25\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[25]<\/a>&#8220;\u0648\u064a\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 (\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633)&#8221; \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0646\u063a \u0648<a href=\"https:\/\/punchng.com\/reps-man-falana-others-reject-moroccos-bid-to-join-ecowas\/\">https:\/\/punchng.com\/reps-man-falana-others-reject-moroccos-bid-to-join-ecowas\/<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 20-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn26\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\">[26]<\/a> \u0623\u0637\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u064a\u0646\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221;\u060c \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u060c 24 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\/ \u0622\u0630\u0627\u06312018\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.modernghana.com\/news\/843650\/the-geographical-metamorphosis-of-a-maghrebian.html\">https:\/\/www.modernghana.com\/news\/843650\/the-geographical-metamorphosis-of-a-maghrebian.html<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 03-01-2020).<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn27\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>27]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u060c &#8220;\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a&#8221;\u060c \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060cCSIS 201 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631\/\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 2013\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/publication\/131029_Malka_MoroccoAfricaFuture_Web_0.pdf\">https:\/\/csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com\/s3fs-public\/legacy_files\/files\/publication\/131029_Malka_MoroccoAfricaFuture_Web_0.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 04-01-2020)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn28\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>28]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0632\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0648\u064aL\u2019\u00e9conomiste,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/leconomiste.com\/article\/1029013-politique-africaine-les-cartes-gagnantes-du-maroc\">https:\/\/leconomiste.com\/article\/1029013-politique-africaine-les-cartes-gagnantes-du-maroc<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 27-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn29\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>29]<\/sup><\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627&#8221; L\u2019Economiste,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.leconomiste.com\/flash-infos\/les-investissements-marocains-en-afrique\">https:\/\/www.leconomiste.com\/flash-infos\/les-investissements-marocains-en-afrique<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 14-12-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn30\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>30]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642&#8221;\u060c DEPF Policy Africa, \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2018\u060c\u063517,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.finances.gov.ma\/Docs\/depf\/2018\/D%C3%A9veloppement_des_entreprises_marocaine_en_Afrique.pdf\">https:\/\/www.finances.gov.ma\/Docs\/depf\/2018\/D%C3%A9veloppement_des_entreprises_marocaine_en_Afrique.pdf<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 02-01-2020)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn31\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>31]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c&#8221;\u060cDEPF Policy Africa\u060c \u0645\u0627\u064a\/ \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u00a02018\u060c \u0635 .17<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn32\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>32]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0635 13<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn33\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062a: &#8220;\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0639\u0627\u062a&#8221;\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/6639\">https:\/\/mipa.institute\/6639<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 7-11-2019)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn34\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>34]<\/sup><\/a>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00a0&#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u064a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u0633\u0642\u0641 20000&#8221;, Challenge.ma\u060c 31 \u062f\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0631\/ \u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u00a02019\u060c <a href=\"https:\/\/www.challenge.ma\/maroc-le-nombre-detudiants-etrangers-depasse-la-barre-des-20-000-127052\/\">https:\/\/www.challenge.ma\/maroc-le-nombre-detudiants-etrangers-depasse-la-barre-des-20-000-127052\/<\/a>\u00a0(accessed 02-01-2020)<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a name=\"_ftn35\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323#https:\/\/mipa.institute\/7323\"><sup>[<\/sup><sup>35]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0\u00ab\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u064a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 (\u0625\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0633) \u00bb \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 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34<\/small>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0639\u0637\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0648-\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0628\u0630\u0644\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u063a\u0631\u0628 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