{"id":9212,"date":"2022-06-06T15:04:22","date_gmt":"2022-06-06T15:04:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=9212"},"modified":"2022-09-25T23:47:04","modified_gmt":"2022-09-25T23:47:04","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%af%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%86-%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/?p=9212&lang=ar","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0646: \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f 2011"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h4 style=\"font-weight: 400; text-align: center;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">\u0631\u063a\u0645 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name=\"_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0627\u0628\u062d \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0645 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064a (cogestion)\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0633 \u0628\u064a\u0646 &#8220;\u0631\u0623\u0633\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629&#8221; \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0632\u062f\u0648\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0628\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/h5>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062d\u0635\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 (2015-2021) \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a <\/strong>\u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u062f\u0645\u062c\u0629<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064f\u0647\u064a\u0643\u0650\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062c\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062f\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 (2013-2017) \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a 9 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0646\u0627\u0647\u0632\u062a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 1500 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631&#8221; \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0641\u064a 2014 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a 9,4 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645<a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u062a \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0631\u0627\u0645\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0647\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0633\u0648\u0631.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0648\u0628\u063a\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062b\u062a \u062f\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u064f\u0644\u064d \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a <strong>\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/strong>\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0648\u062a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0639\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0637 \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a 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400;\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u064f\u0645\u0643\u0650\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a <strong>\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c<\/strong> \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062e\u0631\u0627\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a 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\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0634\u0643\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629&#8221;\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0637\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u064a\u062f\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0633\u0644\u0637\u062a\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0636\u0639\u0641 &#8220;\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632&#8221; \u0644\u0650\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0647\u0650\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u0628\u0639\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h5><span style=\"color: #808080;\">\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0634<\/span><\/h5>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Bahi Mohamed, Les comp\u00e9tences du wali, du gouverneur et des autres agents d&#8217;autorit\u00e9 : domaine des collectivit\u00e9s locales,Imprimerie <em>Najah El Jadida<\/em><em>,<\/em> Casablanca, 2005, p.7.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Saadia Ben Hachem El Harrouni, la construction r\u00e9gionale au Maroc : dynamique et enjeux, <em>Remald<\/em>, Th\u00e8mes actuels, N\u00b060, 2008, p.307.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> Su\u00e1rez Collado, \u00c1ngela; Ojeda Garc\u00eda, Raquel. The effects of the Moroccan advanced regionalization process in Western Sahara, <em>Journal of Peripheral Cultural Production of the Luso-Hispanic World<\/em>, Volume 5, issue 3, 2015, p.79.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u00a0\u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0625\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0625\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2016\/22\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2016\u060c \u0635 51.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u062e\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u060c \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062f\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 2015-2016\u060c \u0635 297.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 83 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0631\u0642\u0645 111.14 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0642\u0645 1.15.83 \u0641\u064a 20 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0646 1436 (7 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015)\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6380 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 6 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0644 1436 (23 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 2015).<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> Hicham Berjaoui, Le nouveau r\u00f4le du wali\/gouverneur : Une autorit\u00e9\u0301 d\u00e9concentr\u00e9e au service de la d\u00e9centralisationn, p.1, Consult\u00e9 le\u00a010 Avril, 2022. <\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> Michel Rousset, Le d\u00e9cret du 26 d\u00e9cembre 2018 portant Charte de la d\u00e9concentration administrative, <em>REMALD<\/em>, N\u00b0146, Mai-Juin 2019, p.15.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> Hassan Zouaoui, La place de la modernisation administrative dans la politique r\u00e9formatrice du nouveau r\u00e8gne marocain, IN\u00a0:&#8221;La transition d\u00e9mocratique et la r\u00e9forme de l&#8217;administration publique au Maghreb, Publications de Dialogues, S\u00e9rie &#8220;Colloques et Forums&#8221;, N\u00b01, 2012, p.11-13<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> Abdelatif Laamrani, le r\u00f4le du gouverneur au Maroc, <em>L\u2019Harmattan<\/em>, Paris, 2016, p.12.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> Muhamed Zerhouni, Le Wali du chef-lieu de la r\u00e9gion et la gestion de la chose publique, Revue Marocaine d&#8217;Audit et de D\u00e9veloppement. N\u00b012, 2000, p.27.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a> \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0632\u0627\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0633\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0633\u0628 \u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0631\u0642\u0645 9\u060c \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2015\u060c \u0635 81.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a> \u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628.. \u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 15464 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 31 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2021\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 2022\/02\/12\u060c \u0641\u064a: <\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> Tarik Za\u00efr, la notion constitutionnelle de pr\u00e9\u00e9minence de la r\u00e9gion, Remald, th\u00e8mes actuels, N\u00b093 ,2015. P.120-121.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u00a0\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639 \u0632\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628: \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 221.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> Jaouad Arras, l&#8217;action publique territoriale entre ambition locale et d\u00e9termination nationale, Remald, N\u00b0134-135, 2017, p.174.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> Claire Spencer, Morocco\u2019s Devolution Can Wait No Longer, Chathamhouse, 8 June 2017, accessed on 2022\/01\/12 at:\u00a0 <\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0623\u0632\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 3\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u062d\u0629\u060c 2021\u060c \u0635 55.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> Ahmed Bouachik, la r\u00e9gionalisation avanc\u00e9e dans la constitution marocaine de 2011, <em>Remald<\/em>, th\u00e8mes actuels, N\u00b082, 2013, p.231.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> Mohammed Benahmed, Le Wali, un acteur central du d\u00e9veloppement territorial durable et inclusif, <em>Ecoactu<\/em>, 31 Juillet 2018, Consult\u00e9 le\u00a017 mars, 2022<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> &#8220;\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c &#8220;\u0637\u0646\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u0648\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 2022\/04\/04\u060c \u0641\u064a: <\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 2018\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c 2017\u060c \u0635 36.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> Yossef Ben-Meir, Moroccan Decentralization: Towards Community Development and National Solidarity, <em>Foreign Policy Institute<\/em>, 2021\/09\/16.accessed on 12\/03\/2022, at: <\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u062b\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0621\u060c 6 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2020\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 2022\/04\/05\u060c \u0641\u064a :<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0644\u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0633-\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c 2020\u060c \u0635 97.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> Tarik Za\u00efr, La gestion d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique au Maroc, <em>L\u2019Harmattan<\/em>, Paris 2007, p.307.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> Mona Atia, Said Samlali, Government Efforts to Reduce Inequality in Morocco Are Only Making Matters Worse, <em>Middle East Research and Information Project<\/em>, Issue 298, Spring 2021. accessed on 2022\/03\/12, At:<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0646\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0649 18 \u0644\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 2022\/02\/19\u060c \u0641\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3CRZFr7\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3CRZFr7<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643.. \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629\u060c <em>\u0623\u0635\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u063a\u0627\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c 22 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2018\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0647\u062f \u0641\u064a 2022\/02\/01\u060c \u0641\u064a: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3qhia3k\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3qhia3k<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> Soo-Jin KIM, Quelle gouvernance pour une aire m\u00e9tropolitaine durable et inclusive de Casablanca?, <em>OCDE<\/em>, Rabat, 2018, p.15.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> Mehdi Essarsar, &amp; Al, Regional financial governance: a lever for change for advanced regionalization in Morocco. <em>International Journal of Scientific &amp; Engineering Research<\/em>, V 9, N\u00b08, 2018, p.78.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u00a0\u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0622\u0641\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0637\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635 85.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> Tarik Za\u00efr, r\u00e9gionalisation avanc\u00e9e : quelle r\u00e9partition des comp\u00e9tences ? <em>Remald<\/em>, N\u00b093, 2010, p.33.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> Samih Hamdaoui, la vocation \u00e9conomique de la r\u00e9gion \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de la loi organique n\u00b0111.14, <em>Remadasa<\/em>, N\u00b02-3, 2017, p .39.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> Abdelhay Benabdelhadi, Mariam Chemao, D\u00e9centralisation et d\u00e9concentration : les r\u00e8gles de la bonne gouvernance, <em>Remald<\/em>, Th\u00e8mes Actuels, N\u00b090, 2015, p.50.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> Lamia Zaki, Decentralization in Morocco: Promising Legal Reforms with Uncertain Impact, p.9. <em>Arab Reform Initiative<\/em>, 31 July 2019, accessed on 18\/03\/2022, at: <a href=\"https:\/\/bit.ly\/3JjGpW0\">https:\/\/bit.ly\/3JjGpW0<\/a><\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u0645 2.17.583 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0634\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0631 2017\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u064a\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0642\u064a\u0645\u0647. \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f 6618 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 2 \u0646\u0648\u0646\u0628\u0631 2017.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> MOROCCO-OECD: dialogue on territorial development policies challenges and recommendations for coordinated public action, <em>OECD<\/em>, Paris, p.41.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629\u060c <em>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/em>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 97-98\u060c 2011\u060c \u0635 136.<\/small><\/p>\n<p><small><a href=\"applewebdata:\/\/20228A69-E21E-4616-8C82-CAAE29DBBAA9#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> Pour un d\u00e9veloppement territorial inclusif et durable au Maroc, <em>OCDE<\/em>, 2017, p.5.<\/small><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u064a.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":9215,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[198,87],"tags":[1182,1126],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-9212","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-198","category---ar","tag---ar","tag--ar"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=9212"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9598,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9212\/revisions\/9598"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/9215"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=9212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=9212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=9212"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mipa.institute\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcoauthors&post=9212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}