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Over the past several months, universities in America and Europe have been at the center of protests over Gaza. So why have Arab universities been silent, despite their rich history of activism?     Since mid-April 2024, western academic institutions, including elite American universities, have been at the forefront of protests for Palestine. Yet, their Arab counterparts have surprisingly remained silent. The disengagement is particularly noteworthy considering that Middle Eastern universities have historically been the...

Taking citizens’ inputs for local governance into consideration, depends on whether the new municipal councils will include past petitions in their future action plans.

These monarchies' unfulfilled unfulfilled promises of reform and development will catch up with them, and they will have to adapt the ways in which they interact with opposition actors and their wider populations, especially as further and greater contestation is imminent.